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The EAT-Lancet Commission for Food, Planet, Health brings together more than 30 leading scientists from around the world to reach a scientific consensus that defines a healthy and sustainable diet.
The Commission addresses the need to feed a growing world population with a healthy diet, while defining sustainable food systems that minimize damage to our planet.
Describes a healthy and universal reference diet, based on an increase in the consumption of healthy foods (such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes and nuts) and a decrease in the consumption of unhealthy foods (such as red meat, sugar and grains) refined). ) that would provide important health benefits, and also increase the likelihood of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
For dairy, the recommendation. in the reportIt is 250 g daily of "whole milk or derivative equivalents (for example, cheese)".
Varied diets
The authors of the report declare, "In a review, the US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. UU From 2015 concluded that for people over 2 years of age, a balanced vegetarian diet can be a healthy eating pattern. In
"In the largest prospective study of vegetarian diets, people who followed vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian or semi-vegetarian diets had a 12% lower risk of mortality in general than omnivores."In
In dairy products, the report notes that high consumption of dairy products, at least three servings per day, has been widely promoted in the western counties for bone health and fracture prevention, mainly because of its high calcium content.
However, he continues, the optimal calcium intake remains uncertain. The recommendations in the USA UU 1,200 mg / day are derived from equilibrium studies that last 3 weeks or less, and that probably reflect transient movements of calcium in and out of bone instead of long-term requirements.
A WHO review, noting that regions with low consumption of dairy foods and calcium have lower fracture rates than regions with high dairy consumption, concluded that 500 mg / day is adequate and that a lower intake could be adequate in areas with low fracture rates. The United Kingdom has concluded that 700 mg / day is an adequate intake, according to the report.
These lower amounts for adequate intake have important implications for dietary recommendations because many foods contain modest amounts of calcium, and eating a wide variety of diets without dairy products will include 300-400 mg of calcium, according to the report.
The study says that data on milk consumption during childhood and adolescence and long-term health outcomes are scarce, but high consumption has been promoted due to skeletal growth. However, the report notes studies that indicate that high milk consumption in adolescent girls was not badociated with a lower risk of hip fracture later in life, and in adolescent children, a high milk intake was badociated with higher risk of fractures.
In addition, he notes, prospective studies do not show a significant increase or decrease in the risk of general mortality or cardiovascular disease with increased consumption of dairy products, although it is likely that overall and cardiovascular mortality will decrease if dairy products are replaced with nuts. and other plant sources. of the protein.
The report also notes that while low-fat dairy products may be preferable to high-fat dairy products for health, almost all the fat in the milk that is produced remains in the human food supply, often as butter. or cream. Therefore, low-fat dairy products will have little overall effect on the health of the population because fat is consumed in other ways.
Argues that the consumption of unsaturated vegetable oils carries lower risks of cardiovascular disease than milk fat, therefore, the optimal intake will generally be at the lower end of this range, and the authors have used 250 g / day for the reference diet .
Sustainability
However, it is not mentioned only to dairy products in the diet section. On sustainable production, the authors state that, "Many studies have evaluated the environmental effects of several diets, and most of them find decreasing effects with a greater replacement of foods of animal origin with foods of vegetable origin. "Vegan and vegetarian diets were badociated with the largest reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and land use, and vegetarian diets with the greatest reductions in water use."In
The report also adds that "Staying within the limits of climate change can be achieved by consuming plant-based diets."In
In dairy products, it establishes that, "The increase in milk consumption of 250 g / day in the reference diet to 500 g / day (a level lower than the dietary guidelines in the US) increased greenhouse gas emissions and the overall environmental effects "In
Reply from Dairy UK
In the UK, Dairy UK executive president, Dr. Judith Bryans, called the report "a positive contribution to the debate on sustainable diets."
Bryans said:The recommended recommended intake level is much lower than dietary guidelines worldwide. "Dairy products are an incredibly valuable source of nutrients, which contain calcium, iodine, B vitamins and proteins, and they have an important role to play in the fight against malnutrition."In
She continued, "Worldwide, dairy products play a key role in meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, helping to fight hunger and poverty, providing livelihoods to millions of people and supporting the empowerment of women. . Dairy farmers are managers of much of the world's land and both farmers and processors can play a key role in protecting biodiversity. "In
It concluded that the dairy industry in the United Kingdom has made great strides in improving its environmental impact through the United Kingdom Milk Roadmap, achieving a 24% reduction in emissions badociated with milk between 1990 and 2015.
"Our progress and innovation have proven to be an inspiration to dairy industries around the world, seeking to replicate our success and improve their environmental impact."In
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